How To Install Ant for Selenium WebDriver and Java

Running Selenium Script from command prompt using .class instead of .java file - TestNG

Sometimes we need to run our automation script at client machine to demonstrate our ability to automate but we don't want to share our code without JDK (required - JRE). We can achieve this by following below steps. With this we can run the script from .class instead of .java file.

We can achieve this using both JUnit and TestNG. In this example we are working with TestNG.

Here my example is GoogleSearch.java

Step 1: Prepare required script using any IDE (eclipse) and compile
Step 2: Open command prompt in another system and check whether JRE is available
Step 3: Prepare testng.xml file as follows

< !DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="Google">
<test name="GoogleSearch">
<classes>
<class name="GoogleSearch"/>
</classes>
</test>
</suite>

Step 3: Copy selenium standalone server, TestNG.jar, .class and testng.xml files to a folder(D:\Google\)

Step 4: Open command prompt and change to D:\Google\

Step 5: Set path using the following command
set classpath=%classpath%;D:\Google\selenium-server-standalone-2.39.0.jar;D:\Google\testng-6.8.jar;.;

*Note: update the paths of the .jar files and .class file according to your path.

Step 6: Run the class file using the following command

java org.testng.TestNG java org.testng.TestNG testng.xml

Now, you can see the bowser will open and perform the required operation without code and eclipse.

Class path Setup for Java - Windows

We all know the importance of CLASSPATH for Java. Setting PATH/CLASSPATH is very easy but some of us facing difficulties. For them I want to contribute from my blog. Following steps will provide how easy we can set CLASSPATH/PATH for Java.

Step 1: Download and install Java if not available on your machine. You can download from the following URL: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html

Step 2: By default JDK will be installed at "C:\Program Files\Java\jdkxxx.xx" location only. Unless we change the location at the time of installation, this is the default location.

Step 3: Go to JDK installed location and you will find bin folder and open that one. Copy the bin folder path.

Step 4: Right Click on My Computer and Select "Properties". Once the Propertieswindow is opened, click on Advanced System Settings.

Step 5: Once Advance System Settings window is opened click on Environment Variables option

Step 6: Once Environment Variables window is opened click on New underSystem Variablesand enter Variable Name asPATH andVariable Valuesas Path of Java Bin Folder (previously copied path) and click OK

Step 7: Go to JDK folder -> open lib folder and copy the path

Step 8: Repeat the steps 4 and 5. Now click on New underUser Variablesand enter User Variable asCLASSand Variable Values as Path of the lib folder and click on OK .

Step 9: Click on OK of Environment Variables window and System Properties window

Step 10: Open Command Prompt and run any java program and you are able to successfully complete.

Select Auto suggest on search field for a List item using WebDriver

The below code is for searching a text automatically from the auto suggest; mainly for a list item.

driver.get("http://www.indiabookstore.net");

driver.findElement(By.id("searchBox")).sendKeys("Alche");
 Thread.sleep(3000);
List <WebElement> listItems = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div[@class='acResults']//li"));

 // List <WebElement> listItems = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div[contains(@class,'acResults')]//li"));   

//List <WebElement> listItems = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(".acResults li"));

// List<WebElement> link = driver.findElement(By.id("Element")).findElements(By.tagName("li"));

 listItems.get(0).click();

 driver.findElement(By.id("searchButton")).click();

NOTE: get(0) is the first option displayed on searching keywords

           get(1) is the second option displayed on searching keywords.

Print Eclipse IDE console output on a text file after Test execution

Following setting will print your eclipse console output on a separate Text file.

1.       Create a text file (.txt) in your project folder
2.       In Eclipse, right click Project > Run configurations
3.       Click the Tab, "Common"
4.       Select the Check boxes, File & Append
5.       Now, choose the correct directory and select the empty text file you created before
6.       Click OK
7.       Run the Test.

Page Scroll using Selenium WebDriver

Scroll Down:

 import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;

 WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

 JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;
 jse.executeScript("scroll(0, 250)"); //y value '250' can be altered

 Scroll up:

JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;

 jse.executeScript("scroll(250, 0)"); //x value '250' can be altered

Scroll bottom of the Page:

JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;

jse.executeScript("window.scrollTo(0,Math.max(document.documentElement.scrollHeight, document.body.scrollHeight, document.documentElement.clientHeight));");

 (or)

 Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

 actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(Keys.END).perform();

Full scroll to bottom in slow motion:

for (int second = 0;; second++) {

       if(second >=60){
             break;
         }

  ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,400)", ""); //y value '400' can be altered

             Thread.sleep(3000);
 }

 (or)

 JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;

 for (int second = 0;; second++) {
         if(second >=60){
             break;
         }

             jse.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,800)", ""); //y value '800' can be altered

             Thread.sleep(3000);
 }

Scroll automatically to your WebElement:

Point hoverItem =driver.findElement(By.xpath("Value")).getLocation();

 ((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("return window.title;");   

 Thread.sleep(6000);
 ((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,"+(hoverItem.getY())+");");

 // Adjust your page view by making changes right over here (hoverItem.getY()-400)

 (or)

 ((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", driver.findElement(By.xpath("Value')]")));

 (or)

 WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("Value"));

 Coordinates coordinate = ((Locatable)element).getCoordinates();
 coordinate.onPage();
 coordinate.inViewPort();

Selenium Basics & Tips

1.       Maximize Firefox browser window using selenium webdriver
       WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
      driver.manage().window().maximize();

 2.   Customize browser window size

       driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(320, 480));

3.       Get current web page URL
      System.out.println(driver.getCurrentUrl());

4.       Navigate Back | Forward & Page refresh
       Navigate Back
       Webdriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
      driver.navigate().back();

      (or)

    Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

    actions.sendKeys(Keys.BACK_SPACE).perform();

    Navigate Forward

    driver.navigate().forward();

Page Refresh

    driver.navigate().refresh();

 (or)

 Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

 actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(Keys.F5).perform();

5.       Highlighting Elements
    WebElement element1 = driver.findElement(By.className("Value"));
    WebElement element2 = driver.findElement(By.id("Value"));
    JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;
   jse.executeScript("arguments[0].setAttribute('style', arguments[1]);", element1, "color: blue; border: 2px solid blue;");

 jse.executeScript("arguments[0].setAttribute('style', arguments[1]);", element2, "color: yellow; border: 0px solid red;");

6.       Double-click WebElement

    Actions action = new Actions(driver);

    action.doubleClick(driver.findElement(By.id("Value")));
    action.perform();

7.       Delete All Cookies

      driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();

Configure TestNG with Eclipse

Steps to Configure TestNG with Eclipse:

1. Click Help –> Install New Software

2. Type “http://beust.com/eclipse” in the “Work with” edit box and click ‘Add’ button.
3. In the ‘Name’ column we can see “TestNG” –> Select this and click ‘Next’ button
4. Click Next and click on the radio button “I accept the terms of the license agreement”.
5. Click ‘Next’ button
6. Click ‘Finish’

•This will install the TestNG plug-in for Eclipse

 •After the installation, it will ask for restart of Eclipse.  Then restart the Eclipse.

 •Once the Eclipse is restarted, we can see the TestNG icons & menu items.

Setting up Selenium & Eclipse

Configure Selenium with Eclipse:
1. Go to URL – http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/
2. Download Eclipse IDE for Java Developers (Click on Windows 32 bit platform)
3. Unzip Eclipse and double click Eclipse.exe
4. Create a workspace folder –> C:\Workspace (or)
5. Click File menu –> Switch Worspace –> other
6. Now Select the C:\Workspace folder.
7. Click Workbench.

Download Drivers

Now, download Selenium RC server/client driver and configure that to Eclipse.

1. Download Selenium server
2. Download Selenium Client driver

Configure Selenium Client driver

 1. Go to Eclipse –> Click File –> New –> Project (from various options need to select just “project”)
 2. In Select Wizard –> Click Java –> “Java Project”
 3. Give the project name (e.g. TestProject)
 4. Click Finish.
 5. Create a folder named “lib” inside the project "TestProject".
 6. Copy the jar file "Selenium-server.jar" into "lib" folder.
 7. Also extract all the jar files from "selenium-java-x.xx.x" (Selenium Client driver) into "lib" folder.
 8. Right Click the project, “TestProject” and click "Build Path".
 9. Select "Configure Build Path".
 10. Click Libraries tab
 11. Click “Add External JARs” button
 12. Now, select all the jar files copied under the "lib" folder.
 13. Click OK
 14. Check the Referenced libraries for both the Selenium Client driver jar files.

Create class file

1. Right click on the folder "src", Click  File –> New –> Package

2. Name the Package. (e.g., testpack) and click Finish.
3. Right click on the Package and Click  File –> New –> class
4. Name the class. (e.g., Test)
5. Now write the script and run it.

Taking Screenshot and Saving Screenshot (WebDriver)

Snippet for taking screenshot and saving it in specified path,

import java.io.File;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

 @Test

 public void myTest() throws Exception {

        driver.get("http://www.google.com");

        driver.findElement(By.name("q")).sendKeys("Selenium");
   File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File("F:\\Screenshots\\webscreen1.png")); 

}

Handling frame in WebDriver

Snippet for handling frame in webdriver,

WebElement frame1=driver.findElement(By.className(“framepd”));

Driver.switchTo().frame(frame1);

Driver.findElement(By.id(“txtCode”)).sendKeys(“12345”);

Handling Mouse Over in WebDriver

Snippet for handling Mouse over,

Actions actions=new Actions(driver);

WebElement mouseOver=driver.findElement(By.id("aBills"));

actions.moveToElement(mouseOver, 10, 10).perform();

Handling Alerts (WebDriver)

Snippet for Handling Alerts
 
Package Required for Alert----->   import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;

Alert class provides various methods such as:

 accept()

 dismiss()
 getText()

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

System.out.println(alert.getText());
alert.accept();
//alert.dismiss();

How to switch control to pop-up window?

If you want to do any operations in pop-up window you need to switch the control to pop-up window then do all your operations in that and finally close the pop-up window and again select the default (main ) window.
Here is WebDriver logic to select Pop-up window

1. Pop-up window has name/id

     driver.switchTo().window("<window name>");

2. Pop-up window doesn't have name / you don't want to hard code the window name then go for below logic.

Before opening pop-up get the main window handle.
 
             String mainWindowHandle=driver.getWindowHandle();

Open the pop-up (click on element which causes open a new window)
 
             webElement.click();

Try to get all available open window handles with below command. (The below command returns all window handles as Set)

            Set s = driver.getWindowHandles();

From that above set try to get newly opened window and switch the control to that (pop-up window handle), as we already know the mainWindowHandle.  

               Set s = driver.getWindowHandles();

              Iterator ite = s.iterator();
             while(ite.hasNext())
               {
               String popupHandle=ite.next().toString();
              if(!popupHandle.contains(mainWindowHandle))
               {
                   driver.switchTo().window(popupHandle);
              }
           }

Read Data or HTML table Using WebDriver

Code Snippet for how to Read Data or HTML table Using WebDriver

WebElement tab=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//table[@id='availabilityTable1']"));
List<WebElement> tableRows = tab.findElements(By.tagName("tr"));
  {
    for (WebElement cell:tableRows)
          {
           List<WebElement>data=cell.findElements(By.xpath("//td[5]"));
           //Reading 5th Column of the Table
          for(WebElement d:data)
          {
             System.out.println(d.getText());
         }

Waits in WebDriver (Implicit, Explicit and ThreadSleep)

Implicit Wait - It's global setting applicable for all elements and if element appear before specified time than script will start executing otherwise script will throw NoSuchElementException.

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); 

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

In this case, User is telling WebDriver that it should wait 10 seconds in case of specified element is not available on the UI i.e (DOM).

NOTE:  Implicit wait time is applied to all elements in your script

Explicit wait

WebDriverWait wait=new WebDriverWait(driver,50);

wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElement(By.id("ID OF TEXT BOX")));

Using explicit waits you are basically telling WebDriver at the max it is to wait for X units of time before it gives up.

Explicit wait time is applied only for particular specified element.
In Explicit you can configure, how frequently (instead of 2 seconds) you want to check condition

ThreadSleep

Using Thread.sleep(2000); is an unconditional wait. If your test loads faster you will still have to wait. So in principle using implicitlyWait is the better solution.

Database Testing Checklist

1.) Data Integrity

 The complete data belonging to each entity should be stored in the database.

Depending on the database design, the data may be present in a single table or multiple related tables. Parent-child relationships should exist in the data. There should not be any missing data.

a.) Is the data stored in tables is correct?

b.) Is there any unnecessary data present?
c.) Is the data present in the correct table?
d.) Is the data present in correct field within the table?

2.) Database Performance (query execution times, throughput etc.) and locking problems

You may identify the main queries (or procedures) that are used in the application and time them with sample data. Locking problems may become apparent when multiple inserts/ updates are being made to the same entity simultaneously.

3.) Data Security

You may check if any data that should be encrypted e.g. passwords, credit card numbers is in plain text or not. The database should not have the default passwords. Even application accounts should have passwords that are complex and not easily guessed.

Miscellaneous

a.) Are the log events added in database for all login events?

b.) Does scheduled jobs execute timely.
c.) SQL Injection should not be allowed and handled properly
d.) Backup and Recovery: Is timely backup of Database taken.
e.) Security: Is the data secured from unauthorized access:  Are different user roles created with different permissions Do all the users have access on Database
f.) Is the Field length specified on UI same as field length specified in table to store same element       from UI into database.
 g.) Check for Primary key:  For Primary key 'Allow Null' condition should not be allowed.
 h.) Check for each field and UI element:  Field length of field in data base and on UI(if mentioned) should be same.

STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle)

Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) is a very important concept that we need to know if we wants to understand testing process in detail. Many people think testing is a static task and finds it boring, but it is definitely not. STLC shows the different phases which are essential for quality control of any software project.

Every company follows its own Software Testing Life Cycle. STLC is affected by the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) implemented by the company as well as the management’s views towards Quality Assurance & Control activities.

1. Requirement Analysis/Review

2. Test Planning
3. Test Designing
4. Test Environment Setup
5. Test Execution
6. Test Closure

 1.) Requirement Analysis

During this phase, test team studies the requirements from a testing point of view to identify the testable requirements. The QA team may interact with various stakeholders (Client, Business Analyst, Technical Leads, and System

Architects etc) to understand the requirements in detail. Requirements could be either Functional (defining what the software must do) or Non Functional

(defining system performance /security availability )

2.) Test Planning

  In this phase the QA/QA Lead/QA Manager plans for the complete testing process. Important documents like Test Strategy, Test Plan and Effort Estimation are derived from this phase.

Everything regarding testing like selection of the testing tools, test efforts estimations, planning resources, determining roles and responsibilities of the personnel involved in the process, planning for the training required, etc. are decided in this phase.

3.) Test Designing

 Creation, Review & Update of Test Cases as well as Test Scripts are done in this phase. The test cases prepared by the QA team are reviewed and approved.

Test data may also be created in this phase by the QA team if test environment is available to them.

If automation testing needs to be done then automation scripts also needs to be written in this phase.

4.) Test Environment Setup

 Test Environment is the actual system/environment/setup where the testing team will be testing the application. Test environment is prepared by understanding the required system architecture, software & hardware requirements, etc.

Many times it happens that testing team is not involved in setting up the test environment. In such scenarios, it is preferable that the testing team should implement Smoke Testing to verify the readiness of the test environment before starting the actual testing.

5.) Test Execution

 During this phase test team will carry out the testing based on the test plans and the test cases prepared different testing techniques as well as methods are implemented and executed on the software/application to break the system and find bugs.

Bugs will be reported to the development team, then development team resolves the bugs and the system is retested to ensure that it is bug free and ready to go live.

Selenium tricks for CSS and Xpath locators

Selenium tricks for CSS and Xpath locators

In this post you will learn some CSS rules and how to use CSS selectors and Xpath locators in Selenium.

(1) Id:
An element's id is defined as "[@id='idName']" in Xpath but "#idName" in CSS.
For example, a 'div' element with id 'panel' will be represented as below:
In Xpath locator

//div[@id='panel']

In CSS selector

css=div#panel

(2) Class:
An element's class is defined as "[@class='className']" in Xpath but ".className" in CSS.
For example, a 'div' element with class 'panelClass' will be represented as below:
In Xpath locator

//div[@class='panelClass']

In CSS selector

css=div.panelClass

For element with multiple class we need to separate with space(" ") in Xpath and dot(".") in case of CSS. See below example,
In Xpath locator

//div[@class='panelClass1 panelClass2']

In CSS selector

css=div.panelClass1.panelClass2

(3) Any Attributes:
For selecting an element by its any of the attribute(say "name" is an attribute of a 'div' element and "type" in an "input" element) is given below:
In Xpath locator

//div[@name='continue']

//input[@type='button'] 

In CSS selector

css=div[name='continue']

css=input[type='button'] 

(4) Direct Child:
A direct child of an element is denoted as "/" in Xpath and ">" in CSS selector. See the example below for a direct child "li" for a "ul" element:
In Xpath locator

//ul/li

In CSS selector

css=ul > li

(5) Child or Subchild:
A direct child of an element is denoted as "//" in Xpath and a wehite-space(" ") in CSS selector. See the example below for a child/subchild "li" for a "ul" element:
In Xpath locator

//ul//li

In CSS selector

css=ul li

Note that "ul li" and "ul > li" are different. If you are confusing please go through this article.

(6) nth Child:
For finding 'nth' child, in Xpath we denote as "[n]" and in CSS we denote as ":nth-of-type(n)". See the below example,  

Coffee
Tea
Milk
Soup
Soft Drinks

In Xpath locator

//ul[@id='drinks']/li[5]

In CSS selector

css=ul#drinks li:nth-of-type(5)

Also you can use ":nth-child" but the difference between ":nth-child" and ":nth-of-type(n)" is:
li:nth-child(2)
This means, select an element if It is a paragraph element and the second child of a parent.
li:nth-of-type(2)
This means, select the second paragraph child of a parent. This is less conditional.
See here for more details on difference between the above two.

If we want to select the "fifth li element" (Soft Drinks) in this list, we can use the nth-of-type, which will find the fifth li in the list.

css=ul#drinks li:nth-of-type(5)

On the other hand, if we want to get the "fifth element" only if it is a li element, we can use a filtered nth-child which will select again (Soft Drinks) here.

css=ul#drinks li:nth-child(5)

(7) Parent of an element:
Parent of an element can be represented as "/.." in Xpath and ":parent" in CSS selectors. For example, if you want to indicate parent of the list item of class 'blue'  

first
second
third
fourth
fifth

In Xpath locator

//li[@class='blue']/..

In CSS selector

css=li.blue:parent

(8) Next Sibling:
Next sibling is nothing but next adjacent element which is inside the same parent on the page. An adjacent sibling combinator selector allows you to select an element that is directly after another specific element. For example, If you want to select the sibling of "li" element with class "blue" which is 'second' list item,
In Xpath locator

//li[@class='blue']/../li[2]

In CSS selector

css=li.blue + li

Similarly, if you want to indicate 'third' list item, see the below
In Xpath locator

//li[@class='blue']/../li[3]

In CSS selector

css=li.blue + li + li

(9) Match by Innertext:
There is a javascript methodcontains() which can be used to check the inner text of a web element. For example a link with text "Sign in"
In Xpath locator

//a[contains(text(),'Sign in')]

or

//a[contains(string(),'Sign in')] 

In CSS selector

css=a:contains('Sign in')

(10) Match by Sub-string:
This is interesting and is described below. With this we can match strings with its partial text. E.g. prefix, suffix or any pattern(sub-string)

(i) Match a Sub-string(pattern):
Taking an example of a 'div' with an 'id' that contains the text "pattern"

...

In Xpath locator, we need to use "contains()" to match a sub-string

//div[contains(@id,'pattern')]

In CSS selector, we need to use "*=" for matching a sub-string

css=div[id*='pattern']

(ii) Match a prefix:
Taking an example of a 'div' with an 'id' that starts with the text "prefixString"

...

In Xpath locator, we need to use "starts-with" to match a prefix

//div[starts-with(@id,"prefixString")]

In CSS selector, we need to use "^=" for matching a prefix

css=div[id^='prefixString']

(iii) Match a suffix:
Taking an example of a 'div' with an 'id' that starts with the text "suffixString"

In Xpath locator, we need to use "ends-with" to match a suffix Note that "ends-with()" is a standard XPath 2.0 function only, it won't work if you are using Xpath 1.0 engine

//div[ends-with(@id,"suffixString")]

In CSS selector, we need to use "$=" for matching a suffix

css=div[id$='suffixString']

The summary of sub-string match is listed out in the following table:

	Match a Sub-string	Match a Prefix	Match a Suffix
Xpath	contains()	starts-with()	ends-with()
CSS	*=	^=	$=

Easy Way To Automate Using WebDriver

WebDriver is a clean, fast framework for Automation development of web-apps. WebDriver takes many advantages over selenium because selenium is written in java-script which causes a significant weakness: browsers impose a pretty strictly model , try to upload a file ,form control etc.
webDriver takes a different approach to solve the same problem as selenium. Rather than being running a java-script application within a browser, it uses whichever the mechanism is most appropriate to control the browser. Like for Firefox ,this means that webDriver is implemented as an extension.

The real beauty which I like most is real time environment, which means we are more closely modeling how the user interacts with the browser, and that we can type into "file" input elements. WebDriver can make use of facilities offered by the Operating System.

Please download the respective jar related to your language from google code selenium project Download

Now follow below steps:-
1:- Extract the download file into a folder name and include the jars file ion your ClassPath
2:- Sample coding in java

import org.junit.Test;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; 
public class WebDriverTest{ 


@Test

public void testGoogleSearch()throws Exception{

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

// And now use this to visit Google

driver.get(http://www.google.com/);
// Find the text input element by its name

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));


// Enter something to search for

element.sendKeys("xt global");

// Now submit the form. WebDriver will find the form for us from the element

element.submit();

// Check the title of the page

System.out.println("Page title is: " + driver.getTitle()); 



driver.close(); 

}
}